The effects of weight management programs on self-esteem in pediatric overweight populations.

OBJECTIVE Review published findings on self-esteem and pediatric overweight, and changes in self-esteem subsequent to weight management programs. METHODS We used PsycInfo and MedLine searches to identify peer-reviewed journal articles examining self-esteem changes following participation in weight management programs. RESULTS Data regarding the relationship between self-esteem and obesity is mixed. Factors that place overweight children "at-risk" for low self-esteem include early adolescence, female gender, identification with majority cultural standards of body shape, exposure to teasing and peer victimization, a history of greater parental control over feeding, and internal attributions about weight status. Data from intervention studies suggest positive effects on self-esteem across settings. Components related to self-esteem improvements include weight change, parent involvement, and group intervention format. CONCLUSIONS Well-designed, longitudinal studies using multidimensional measures of self-esteem, and following CONSORT guidelines are needed to confirm and expand these findings. Emphasis should be placed on examining mediators and moderators of self-esteem change.